The Sublime

Edmund Burke's statue in Bristol's city centre.

During one of our group presentations on Wednesday 17th March, Aaron Francis made some interesting comments about the sublime in relation to , which he and the other full time MA students had discussed in the visual cultures unit. It encouraged me to blog about it and consider its connections with my own imagery. Thank you Aaron.

"I wish to be a Member of Parliament to have my share of doing good and resisting evil"

Chris Baldick described the sublime as “a quality of awesome grandeur in art or nature, which some 18^th-century writers distinguished from the merely beautiful”. Baldick suggests that an anonymous Greek critical treatise of the 1^st century AD, Peri hypsous “provided the basis for the interest in the sublimity, after Boileau’s French translation in 1672” (1991 p. 215).

This new aesthetic concept of the 1700s “anticipated the Romantic sensibility that followed… The key work on the concept in English was Burke’s Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757) which stressed the power of the Sublime to evoke terror and ‘the grander passions’ ” (Thomas, 1981, p. 174). (Burke misattributes Peri hypsous to a 3^rd century rhetorician Longinus).

Giovanni Battista Piranesi Carceri Plate VII - The Drawbridge 1750-61

Burke describes the sublime as having these characteristics: obscurity, vastness and power, while the beautiful is light, smooth and delicate. Burke's theories provided the vocabulary to describe the work of Piranesi and later the work of Casper David Friedrich and Turner.

Casper David Friedrich The Wanderer above a Sea of Mist 1818

J.W.M. Turner, Shade and Darkness - The Evening Before the Deluge, 1843

J.M.W. Turner, The Morning after the Deluge — Moses Writing the Book of Genesis, 1843

The term Abstract Sublime was used by the American critic Robert Rosenblum in 1961 in reference to paintings by certain members of the New York School. Having been influenced by Edmund Burke, Barnett Newman employed the word ‘sublime’ in connection with his own work from 1948. Rosembum made connections between the similarities between paintings of the sublime in nature by such Romantic Movement artists as James Ward, Casper David Friedrich and J. M. W. Turner and paintings by Jackson Pollock, Clyfford Still, Mark Rothko and Newman (Walker, J.A. 1991)

Barnett Newman - Vir Heroicus Sublimis 1950-51

Marth Rothko: The Rothko Chapel, Houston 1965-66

Bibliography:

Baldick, C (1991) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press

Thomas, D (1981) Dictionary of Fine Arts London and New York: Hamlyn

Walker, J. A. (1991) Glossary of Art, Architecture & Design Since 1945 Boston, Massachusetts: G.K. Hall& Co.

Thought of the Semester

Art is the kind of thing that depends for its existence upon theories: without theories of art, black paint is just black paint.

Arthur C. Danto quoted by Paul Guyer in a review of Danto's The Philosophical Disenfranchisement of Art, New York: Columbus University Press 1986 in New York Times, Feb 2, 1987 p.23.

Civilisation 10: The Smile of Reason: 3

"Those who haven't lived in the eighteenth century before the Revolution do not know the sweetness of life" Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord.

The salon represented a form resistance  against an autocratic king and a centralised and authoritarian government. They brought together the brightest intellects of France. There aim was to transform society. One of the ways of countering the excesses of a king was to engage with the writing of an encyclopaedia  that would accurately define words and counter the official language, the language of an authoritarian government.

Clark travels to Scotland to discuss the great names in in the world of ideas and science: Adam smith, David Hume, Joseph Black and James Watt. These 18th Century Scots help to transform the whole current of European thought and life.